The Western Ghats: A Kerala View
The Western Ghats mountain range, which existed prior to the Himalayas, is a geomorphic phenomenon of immense significance with distinctive biophysical and biological processes. The Indian monsoon weather pattern is influenced by the high montane forest ecosystems at the site. The location offers one of the world's best examples of the monsoon system, which helps to moderate the tropical climate of the area. It is acknowledged as one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world and has a very high degree of endemism and biological diversity. There are at least 325 species of fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and other animals that live in the site's forests, some of which are among the best non-equatorial tropical evergreen forests in the world.
The Western Ghats
are a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India,
including the state of Kerala. The region is known for its rich biodiversity
and unique ecosystems, making it one of the most important ecological hotspots
in the world. Kerala, being a part of the Western Ghats, has taken several
measures to protect and preserve this invaluable natural heritage. Here are
some of the key initiatives:
Western Ghats
Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP): In 2011, the Kerala government established the
WGEEP, commonly known as the Gadgil Committee after its chairman, to
investigate environmental challenges and make recommendations for the Western
Ghats' long-term development. The group provided a comprehensive report
outlining conservation and protection strategies for the region's ecosystem.
Kasturirangan
Report:
In response to concerns expressed by various stakeholders about the execution
of the Gadgil Committee report, the Government of India established the
Kasturirangan Committee in 2012 to investigate the recommendations. The
committee presented its findings, which advocated a more balanced approach to
conservation of the Western Ghats, taking into account local community concerns
as well as development initiatives.
Ecologically
Sensitive place (ESA): The Ministry of Environment and Forests,
Government of India, designated some places in Kerala as ecologically sensitive
areas (ESAs) based on the Kasturirangan Committee report. To maintain the region's
unique biodiversity, these ESAs are given particular protection and
regulations.
Wildlife
Sanctuaries and National Parks: Within the Western Ghats region, Kerala has
built various wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. These protected areas
provide refuge for a variety of plant and animal species. Periyar Tiger
Reserve, Silent Valley National Park, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, and
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary are some of Kerala's most prominent
sanctuaries.
Conservation of
Biodiversity: Kerala has put in place a number of schemes and initiatives to protect
the Western Ghats' biodiversity. This includes endemic species preservation,
habitat restoration, reforestation drives, and community awareness programmes
to promote sustainable practises.
Forest
Conservation: The state government has taken an active role in the protection and
management of forests in the Western Ghats region. This involves actions such
as delineating forest boundaries, enforcing accurate anti-illegal logging and
encroachment legislation, and encouraging sustainable forestry practises.
Kerala promotes responsible and environmentally friendly tourism in the Western Ghats. The government encourages visitors to enjoy the region's natural beauty while minimising their environmental impact. This includes encouraging nature-based tourism activities, assisting community-based tourism projects, and implementing waste management and conservation rules.
It is crucial to highlight that protecting the Western Ghats is a continuing process, with ongoing efforts to achieve a balance between conservation and development. To maintain the region's long-term viability, these efforts must be implemented in partnership with government agencies, local communities, environmental organisations, and other stakeholders.
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