The Western Ghats: A Kerala View

The Western Ghats mountain range, which existed prior to the Himalayas, is a geomorphic phenomenon of immense significance with distinctive biophysical and biological processes. The Indian monsoon weather pattern is influenced by the high montane forest ecosystems at the site. The location offers one of the world's best examples of the monsoon system, which helps to moderate the tropical climate of the area. It is acknowledged as one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world and has a very high degree of endemism and biological diversity. There are at least 325 species of fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and other animals that live in the site's forests, some of which are among the best non-equatorial tropical evergreen forests in the world.

The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India, including the state of Kerala. The region is known for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems, making it one of the most important ecological hotspots in the world. Kerala, being a part of the Western Ghats, has taken several measures to protect and preserve this invaluable natural heritage. Here are some of the key initiatives:

Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP): In 2011, the Kerala government established the WGEEP, commonly known as the Gadgil Committee after its chairman, to investigate environmental challenges and make recommendations for the Western Ghats' long-term development. The group provided a comprehensive report outlining conservation and protection strategies for the region's ecosystem.

Kasturirangan Report: In response to concerns expressed by various stakeholders about the execution of the Gadgil Committee report, the Government of India established the Kasturirangan Committee in 2012 to investigate the recommendations. The committee presented its findings, which advocated a more balanced approach to conservation of the Western Ghats, taking into account local community concerns as well as development initiatives.

Ecologically Sensitive place (ESA): The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, designated some places in Kerala as ecologically sensitive areas (ESAs) based on the Kasturirangan Committee report. To maintain the region's unique biodiversity, these ESAs are given particular protection and regulations.

Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks: Within the Western Ghats region, Kerala has built various wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. These protected areas provide refuge for a variety of plant and animal species. Periyar Tiger Reserve, Silent Valley National Park, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, and Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary are some of Kerala's most prominent sanctuaries.

Conservation of Biodiversity: Kerala has put in place a number of schemes and initiatives to protect the Western Ghats' biodiversity. This includes endemic species preservation, habitat restoration, reforestation drives, and community awareness programmes to promote sustainable practises.

Forest Conservation: The state government has taken an active role in the protection and management of forests in the Western Ghats region. This involves actions such as delineating forest boundaries, enforcing accurate anti-illegal logging and encroachment legislation, and encouraging sustainable forestry practises.

Kerala promotes responsible and environmentally friendly tourism in the Western Ghats. The government encourages visitors to enjoy the region's natural beauty while minimising their environmental impact. This includes encouraging nature-based tourism activities, assisting community-based tourism projects, and implementing waste management and conservation rules. 

It is crucial to highlight that protecting the Western Ghats is a continuing process, with ongoing efforts to achieve a balance between conservation and development. To maintain the region's long-term viability, these efforts must be implemented in partnership with government agencies, local communities, environmental organisations, and other stakeholders. 



Ashida A. P, Assistant Professor of Commerce, Al Shifa College of Arts and Science, Keezhattur


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