Maternal Health: Alarming Trends and Emerging Insights
Maternal health continues to be a major public health concern, and recent data highlight worrying patterns. In the last ten years, the highest number of maternal deaths occurred in 2021–22, with 220 deaths. The new reports from April to June 2024–25 show 27 maternal deaths, indicating that risks remain.
Palakkad reported the highest number of deaths and nearly half of all deaths came from Palakkad, Thrissur and Kozhikode. Among the 27 deaths this year, one involved a migrant worker from KGD, and one maternal suicide was reported—much lower than the 13 suicides reported last year.
A closer look reveals that 33% of deaths occurred during pregnancy, 4% on the day of delivery, and 63% in the postpartum period. Many deaths happened in health facilities, with 48% in private hospitals, 26% in public, and 7% each at home or in transit. Last year, 18 women died postpartum, most of them preterm and after cesarean delivery.
Recent global research shows rising postpartum complications, increasing cesarean-related risks, and the need for stronger mental health support for mothers. These trends underline the urgency for better access, faster referrals, and stronger district-level monitoring to prevent avoidable maternal deaths.
Research shows that maternal suicide is influenced by a combination of psychological, social, and medical factors. The strongest predictor is postpartum depression, which creates intense feelings of hopelessness and emotional pain if left untreated. Postpartum psychosis, though rare, carries an extremely high risk because symptoms like hallucinations and confusion can lead to self-harm. Studies also highlight that lack of social or partner support, marital conflict, and intimate partner violence greatly increase the risk of suicide during pregnancy and after childbirth. Economic hardship, social pressure, and stigma around unplanned pregnancy further add to maternal stress. Research consistently shows that women with a history of mental illness, previous suicide attempts, or ongoing substance use are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts during the perinatal period. Additionally, traumatic experiences such as complicated childbirth, preterm delivery, emergency cesarean, or infant loss can trigger severe psychological distress, including PTSD, which contributes to suicidal behavior. Overall, maternal suicide is a complex but preventable tragedy, strongly connected to untreated mental health issues, social vulnerability, and stressful life events.
Jihan. P
Assistant Professor of Psychology
Al Shifa College of Arts and Science, Keezhattur, Perinthalmanna.
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