An Analysis of Socio- Economic Conditions of Migrant Workers

 Migration of human means the people movement from one place to another for settling temporarily or permanently to a new location it may be within country or crossing countries borders. As per International Organization of Migration a migrant means a person moving from his usual place of residence may be within country or crossing countries border for short period or permanently have variety of reasons. Relocation isn’t a modern concept; it has been done all through history. This development has hadan effect on a country's culture, way of life, and political state of mind. Others may have migrated to a modern area in arrange to live in such an area. However, relocation is more than fair the growth or decrease within the number of individuals dwelling in a certain area. Keralites have been moving to other Indian states in later a long time. Migration have that much significance to Keralites and it also is the key stone of Kerala Model of development which make Kerala Proud in front of other states in case of better education, health facilities, infrastructural development, etc. Agrarian reforms, workers union and social welfare enactment have all contributed less to destitution lightening in Kerala than migration. As per survey, Kerala Migration Survey (2008), roughly 1.5 million Keralites nowadays dwell exterior of India. Kerala received more than rupees 4,000 million in settlements domestically each year. More than a quarter of a million previous wanderers have returned. They depend on their funds, experiences in work, and capacities learned from foreign country to live in India after returning.As per the study of (Zachariah, 2008) higher than ten lakhs families depend on the earnings of internal migrants to meet their essential needs, such as nourishment, clothing, and education. Whereas the educationally backward Muslims of TrissurMalappuram plays important role in the emigration and the educationally forward Ezhawas, Nairs, and Christians of the past Travancore-Cochin State shape theof internal relocation. (Zachariah et al., 2001) assess that out of each hundred family in Kerala thirty three families will be international migrant in 1998. As per the (Kerala Migration Study, 2007), conducted by CDS, Trivandrum, the number of Kerala transients living overseas was 1.85 million. (Kannan and Hari, 2002) the remote settlements to Kerala accounted a noteworthy share to the state domestic product, which averaged at 1. 21 percent were amid 1991–92 to 1999–2000. (Zachariah and Rajan, 2004) in their paper remittances in 2004 calculated twenty two percent of state domestic product and Rs.5678 expansion of Kerala’s annual per capita income. More interestingly they found that, from international remittance Kerala getting more than 1.74 times as revenue receipts, more than nineteen times higher than from marine export, higher than seven times state getting from centre and 1.8 times the annual expenditure of the Kerala, that much big amount of remittance Kerala receiving from international migrants. (Rajan,2008) in his work an assessed 14-15 lakh individuals out of the 21lakh nonresident Keralites may have come back from the Gulf region since the starting of the widespread in mid-March 2020. At slightest five lakh may have conceivably relocatedto modern goals or gone back to the same countries. As per the KMS, (Rajan and Zachariah, 2018) carried out for the Centre for development thinks about, there are 2.1 million transients from Kerala over the world. In any case, there has been a decay of 3 lakh transients amid 2013-18. The flow of rupees 85,092 crore of remittance into Kerala in 2018 and in 2014 it was Rs.71,142 crore, clearly shows huge increase, experts saying reason for this is the increase in movement of people also increase in wages of the migrants in the working countries. As per the World Bank data there is 14% increase in bank deposits of non Keralites residents. Migration helped to improve overall structure of the life of people. Remittances have significant role in the enhancement of socio-economic life of the people, with the help of remittance they are improving education, housing, and overall standard of living.

Ms. Anjana. J, Assistant Professor of Economics, Al Shifa College of Arts and Science, Kizhattoor, Perinthalmanna